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Ibn Qutaybah
Ibn Qutaybah (828 – 13 November 885 CE / 213 – 15 Rajab 276 AH)〔Joseph T. Shipley, ''Encyclopedia of Literature'', Volume 1 - Page 37〕 (Arabic: ابن قتيبة ) was a renowned Islamic〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/280816/Ibn-Qutaybah )〕 scholar of Persian〔Camilla Adang, ''Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm'', BRILL (1996), p. 58〕〔Arnold E. Franklin, ''This Noble House: Jewish Descendants of King David in the Medieval Islamic East'', University of Pennsylvania Press (2012), p. 63〕 origin. He served as a judge during the Abbasid Caliphate, but was best known for his contributions to Arabic literature.〔(Abd Allah Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Muslim al-Dinwari Ibn Qutaybah ) from The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford Reference, Copyright © 2013.〕〔Christopher Melchert, "Qur'anic Abrogation Across the Ninth Century." Taken from ''Studies in Islamic Legal Theory'', pg. 80. Ed. Bernard G. Weiss. Volume 15 of Studies in Islamic law and society / Studies in Islamic law and society. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2002. ISBN 9789004120662〕 He was a polymath〔Michael Bonner, ''Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice'', Princeton University Press (2008), p.8〕〔Issa J Boullata, ''Literary Structures of Religious Meaning in the Qu'ran'', Routledge (2013), p. 61〕〔Sean Anthony, ''The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Sabaʾ and the Origins of Shīʿism'', BRILL (2011), p. 162〕 who wrote on diverse subjects, such as Qur'anic exegesis, hadith, theology, philosophy, law and jurisprudence, grammar, philology, history, astronomy, agriculture and botany.
==Biography==
His full name is Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Muslim ibn Qutaybah ad-Dīnawarī. He was born in Kufa in what is now Iraq.〔John C. Lamoreaux, ''The Early Muslim Tradition of Dream Interpretation'', pg. 27. SUNY series in Islamic spirituality. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. ISBN 9780791488607〕〔John C. Lamoreaux, "Sources on Ibn Bahlul's Chapter on Dream Interpretation." Taken from ''Augustine and His Opponents, Jerome, Other Latin Fathers After Nicaea, Orientalia'', pg. 555. Ed. Elizabeth A. Livingstone. Volume 33 of Studia patristica. Peeters Publishers, 1997. ISBN 9789068318685〕 He was of Iranian descent; his father was from Merv. Having studied tradition and philology he became qadi in Dinawar during the reign of Al-Mutawakkil,〔 and afterwards a teacher in Baghdad where he died.〔〔 He was the first representative of the school of Baghdad philologists that succeeded the schools of Kufa and Basra.
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